EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Today's 15% Off Specials & #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com!

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Spanish-American War & Cuban War Of Independence DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19: National Daiquiri Day: -- Each year on July 19th, people across the United States fill their glasses with a rum-based cocktail and toast to National Daiquiri Day. So, raise your glass and join all of the others in this celebration! Daiquiri is a family of cocktails whose main ingredients are rum, citrus juice (typically lime), and sugar. Tasting of sunshine and beaches, it might be hard to believe how the Daiquiri came to be. Back in 1898, men blasted away in the mines of a small community off the coast of Cuba during the Spanish-American War. One American engineer, Jennings Cox, supervised a mining operation located in a village named Daiquiri. Every day after work, Cox and his employees would gather at the Venus bar. Then one day, Cox mixed up Bacardi, lime, and sugar in a tall glass of ice. He named the new beverage after the Daiquiri mines, and the drink soon became a staple in Havana. Eventually, someone added shaved ice, and sometimes lemons or both lemons and limes were used. In 1909, Admiral Lucius W. Johnson, a U.S. Navy medical officer, tried Cox's drink and subsequently introduced it to the Army and Navy Club in Washington, D.C. The popularity of the Daiquiri then increased over the next few decades. The Daiquiri was one of the favorite drinks of writer Ernest Hemingway and President John F. Kennedy. While the Daiquiri is sometimes served frozen, combining it in a blender eliminates the need for manual pulverization. Commercial machines produce a daiquiri with a texture similar to a smoothie, and they come in a variety of flavors, too. Using a frozen limeade to create a daiquiri will provide the required texture, sweetness, and sourness all at the same time. To observe National Daiquiri Day: Gather your friends and mix up a few daiquiris! Make them blended or on the rocks. Enjoy them as a mocktail or find a recipe for a daiquiri-flavored dessert. (Remember always to drink responsibly and never to drink and drive). On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/spanishamerican-war-films-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Old Time Kids Films Youth Social Guidance Films Set DVD, MP4, USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19: National Play Day: -- The perfect day to unleash your inner child, spark your creativity, and learn why play is an important part of living a happy life! Play is one of the most simple, yet rewarding activities you can do. It unlocks curiosity and allows you to explore the world in an engaging way. Besides being fun, play opens a sense of enjoyment that is essential for development and overall well-being. In fact, play can actually help build problem-solving skills to help navigate challenges we face in life. The next time someone says play is just for kids, tell them they are wrong. Playing is a biological need in our DNA that helps the brain develop. In fact, we become smarter, stronger, and happier each time we play. Some research even suggests we all have the play gene in our bodies called the RT1 gene, or rough and tumble gene. This gene apparently influences how much someone loves physical play. The stronger the gene, the more the person loves playful experiences. Play is a part of our core that has been shaped by evolution over time. Playing 1) Improves brain function by building neural connections, boosts imagination and learning, and reduces stress; 2) Supports a healthy body by promoting physical activity and coordination, encourages mental development and growth, and improves motor skills; 3) Provides emotional and social benefits by teaching teamwork and compromise, builds self-esteem, and provides a healthy outlet for expression; and 4) Creates a love of learning by teaching problem-solving skills, stimulates innovative ideas, and builds a resilience to adaptability to change. How we play depends on who we are and our age. For kids, play means learning to be creative and building strength in the mind and body. For adults, it's how we socialize and make friends. In fact, adults who play have a lower stress level because they allow themselves to relax and recharge from the daily grind! On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-kids-films-youth-social-guidance-films-dual-layer-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Freshman (1925) Sound Edition + His Royal Slyness MP4 Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19: National Football Day: -- Honors the most popular sport while also reminding us we're in the middle of the season and should check in on our fantasy teams. Learn more about how enthusiastic Americans are about football by reading top football journalist tales. Football is an excellent way to stay in shape and improve your reflexes. Kick a ball around in the yard with your friends or start a game. Now is the time to get a ball, if you don't already have one, and make your plans for commemorating this wonderful American pastime. A popular sport in North America, the sport is recognized as 'football' in the United States and Canada, but it is also known as 'gridiron' or 'American football' in other parts of the world. In the late 1800s, rugby and soccer both paved the way for American football. Walter Camp, a Yale graduate, was credited for establishing the line of scrimmage, down-and-distance regulations (such as "first and 10"), and the authorization of blocking. Coaches like Knute Rockne and Amos Alonzo Stagg later used the new "ahead pass" play. Prior to it, in 1820, Princeton students were playing a game known as 'ballown,' which means 'batting of the bladder with fists.' The game involved batting the ball with a fist to keep it in motion. There were no clear and fast regulations, and it was regarded as the simplest version of football. However, the game fell into obscurity during the Civil War. A football-style game was also held at Harvard on the first Monday of the academic year. This game was so physically demanding that the day it was played was dubbed "Bloody Monday." The year 1865 was pivotal in the development of American football. After the Civil War, football gained popularity in many universities. The game's essential rules were developed, and the game received its first patent. On November 6, 1869, Rutgers and Princeton played the first intercollegiate football game, with Rutgers winning by a score of six goals to four. American Football has developed from a simple game of tossing or kicking a ball past opponents to a game that has influenced American culture and economics. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-freshman-1925-dvd-special-edition-plus-his-royal-sly1925.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Aviation History Films Collection DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19: Flight Attendant Safety Professionals' Day: -- The day is marked to appreciate flight attendants for the important work they do during flights. The holiday was proclaimed on July 13, 1990, by President George Bush. Flight attendants strive to make air travel as comfortable and enjoyable as possible as well as guard the safety of aircraft passengers. Their professionalism has saved many passengers from injury or death and continues to increase the margin of safety. Flight Attendant Safety Professionals' Day was created by proclamation of the President of the United States of America on July 13, 1990. Declared by President George Bush during his tenure, the proclamation enumerates the importance of flight attendants to passenger safety. Flight attendants strive to make air travel as comfortable and enjoyable as possible. Their chief responsibility, however, is to guard the safety of aircraft passengers. Federal aviation regulations entrust flight attendants with an array of duties that are essential to protecting cabin occupants from in-flight hazards and ensuring their safe evacuation in the event of an emergency. The men and women who serve as flight attendants carry out their duties with an outstanding degree of dedication. Their behavior has been calm and professional during accidents, hijackings, in-flight fires, sudden cabin decompression, and other situations of potential or immediate danger to human life. This tradition of professionalism has saved many passengers from injury or death and continues to increase the margin of safety for those who travel by air today. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/aviation-history-films-2-dual-layer-dvd-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Unidentified Flying Objects 1956 Movie/Bonus Al Chop Interview MP4 DVD
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19/20, 1952: Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs, Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon, UAPs): UFO Incidents (Unidentified Flying Object Incidents): UFO Aviation Incidents (Unidentifed Flying Object Aviation Incidents): The 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO Incident (The Washington Flap, The Washington National Airport Sightings, The Invasion Of Washington): -- The largest, most famous and most significant UFO "flap"occurs as a series of unidentified flying objects are encounted between July 12-29, 1952, over Washington, D.C. The most publicized sightings took place on consecutive weekends, July 19-20 and July 26-27. UFO historian Curtis Peebles called the incident "the climax of the 1952 (UFO) flap" - "Never before or after did Project Blue Book and the Air Force undergo such a tidal wave of (UFO) reports." ========= The 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO Incident: The Events of July 19-20: -- At 11:40 p.m. on Saturday, July 19, 1952, Edward Nugent, an air traffic controller at Washington National Airport (today Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport), spotted seven objects on his radar. The objects were located 15 miles (24 km) south-southwest of the city; no known aircraft were in the area and the objects were not following any established flight paths. Nugent's superior, Harry Barnes, a senior air-traffic controller at the airport, watched the objects on Nugent's radarscope. He later wrote "We knew immediately that a very strange situation existed . . . their movements were completely radical compared to those of ordinary aircraft." Barnes had two controllers check Nugent's radar; they found that it was working normally. Barnes then called National Airport's radar-equipped control tower; the controllers there, Howard Cocklin and Joe Zacko, said that they also had unidentified blips on their radar screen, and saw a hovering "bright light" in the sky, which departed with incredible speed. Cocklin asked Zacko, "Did you see that? What the hell was that?" At this point, other objects appeared in all sectors of the radarscope; when they moved over the White House and the United States Capitol, Barnes called Andrews Air Force Base, located 10 miles from National Airport. Although Andrews reported that they had no unusual objects on their radar, an airman soon called the base's control tower to report the sighting of a strange object. Airman William Brady, who was in the tower, then saw an "object which appeared to be like an orange ball of fire, trailing a tail . . . [it was] unlike anything I had ever seen before." As Brady tried to alert the other personnel in the tower, the strange object "took off at an unbelievable speed. On one of National Airport's runways, S.C. Pierman, a Capital Airlines pilot, was waiting in the cockpit of his DC-4 for permission to take off. After spotting what he believed to be a meteor, he was told that the control tower's radar had detected unknown objects closing in on his position. Pierman observed six objects - "white, tailless, fast-moving lights" - over a 14-minute period. Pierman was in radio contact with Barnes during his sighting, and Barnes later related that "each sighting coincided with a pip we could see near his plane. When he reported that the light streaked off at a high speed, it disappeared on our scope." Meanwhile, at Andrews Air Force Base, the control tower personnel were tracking on radar what some thought to be unknown objects, but others suspected, and in one instance were able to prove, were simply stars and meteors. However, Staff Sgt. Charles Davenport observed an orange-red light to the south; the light "would appear to stand still, then make an abrupt change in direction and altitude . . . this happened several times." At one point both radar centers at National Airport and the radar at Andrews Air Force Base were tracking an object hovering over a radio beacon. The object vanished in all three radar centers at the same time. At 3 a.m., two United States Air Force F-94 Starfire jet fighter interceptors from New Castle Air Force Base in Delaware were scrambled to intercept the objects. The Lockheed F-94 Starfire was a first-generation jet powered all-weather day/night interceptor aircraft was the first operational United States Air Force fighter equipped with an afterburner, enabling the planes to arrive at the scene with the greatest airspeed available at the time. Shortly before the jets arrived over Washington, all of the objects vanished from the radar at National Airport. However, when the jets ran low on fuel and left, the objects returned, which convinced Barnes that "the UFOs were monitoring radio traffic and behaving accordingly." The objects were last detected by radar at 5:30 a.m. The sightings of July 19-20, 1952, made front-page headlines in newspapers around the nation. A typical example was the headline from the Cedar Rapids Gazette in Iowa. It read "SAUCERS SWARM OVER CAPITAL" in large black type. By coincidence, USAF Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, the supervisor of the Air Force's Project Blue Book investigation into UFO sightings, was in Washington at the time. However, he did not learn about the sightings until Monday, July 21, when he read the headlines in a Washington-area newspaper. After talking with intelligence officers at the Pentagon about the sightings, Ruppelt spent several hours trying to obtain a staff car so he could travel around Washington to investigate the sightings, but was refused as only generals and senior colonels could use staff cars. He was told that he could rent a taxicab with his own money; by this point Ruppelt was so frustrated that he left Washington and flew back to Blue Book's headquarters at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/unidentified-flying-objects-the-true-story-of-flying-saucers-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The X Planes TV Documentary Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1963: Aviation: The History Of Aviation: Aviation Records: Flight Altitude Records: X-15 Flight 90: -- Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet / 65.87 miles) on X-15 Flight 90; exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention, and thereby Joe Walker becomes the first known person to fly into outer space. Thereafter, the USAF awarded astronaut wings to anyone achieving an altitude of 50 miles (80 km), while the FAI (Federation Aeronautique Internationale, English: The World Air Sports Federation), the world governing body for air sports since it was founded in Paris in 1905, set the limit of space at 100 kilometers (62.1 mi), the height Walker exceeded with this flight. X-15 Flight 90 of the North American X-15 was a test flight conducted by NASA and the US Air Force in 1963. It was the first of two X-15 missions that reached space, along with Flight 91 the next month. The X-15 was flown by Joseph A. Walker, who flew both X-15 spaceflights. The North American X-15 was a hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft operated by the United States Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the 1960s, reaching the edge of outer space and returning with valuable data used in aircraft and spacecraft design. The X-15's official world record for the highest speed ever recorded by a manned, powered aircraft, set in October 1967 when William J. Knight flew Mach 6.72 at 102,100 feet (31,120 m), a speed of 4,520 miles per hour (7,274 km/h; 2,021 m/s), has remained unchallenged as of July 2021. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-x-planes-tv-documentary-series-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Great Comet Crash: Shoemaker-Levy 9 Live + Doomsday Asteroid MP4 DVD
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1994: Space: Outer Space: Astronomy: The Solar System: Small Solar System Bodies (SSSBs): Comets: Destroyed Comets: Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (D/1993 F2): -- Two Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragments impact the planet Jupiter 12 hours apart, creating impact marks of similar size to that caused by the day prior by fragment G of Shoemaker-Levy at 07:33 UTC, the largest impact of Shoemaker-Levy 9, which struck Jupiter with an impact that created a giant dark spot over 12,000 km or 7,500 mi (almost one Earth diameter) across, estimated to have released an energy equivalent to 6,000,000 megatons of TNT (600 times the world's nuclear arsenal). On July 16, 1994, the first fragment of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's nucleus, fragment A, was destroyed in a head-on collision into Jupiter's southern hemisphere at 20:13 UTC at about 60 km/s (35 mi/s). Instruments on the American robotic space probe Galileo, which was on its way to Jupiter to study the planet and its moons, detected a fireball that reached a peak temperature of about 24,000 K (23,700 dg C; 42,700 dg F), compared to the typical Jovian cloud-top temperature of about 130 K (-143 dg C; -226 dg F). It then expanded and cooled rapidly to about 1,500 K (1,230 dg C; 2,240 dg F). The plume from the fireball quickly reached a height of over 3,000 km (1,900 mi) and was observed by the low Earth orbit Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Over the next six days, 21 distinct impacts were observed, with the largest coming on July 18 at 07:33 UTC when fragment G struck Jupiter. Two impacts 12 hours apart on July 19 created impact marks of similar size to that caused by fragment G, and impacts continued until July 22, when fragment W struck the planet. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (formally designated D/1993 F2) was a comet that broke apart in July 1992 and collided with Jupiter between July 16 and 22, 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of Solar System objects. This generated a large amount of coverage in the popular media, and the comet was closely observed by astronomers worldwide. The collision provided new information about Jupiter and highlighted its possible role in reducing space debris in the inner Solar System. The comet was discovered by astronomers Carolyn and Eugene M. Shoemaker and David Levy in 1993. Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) had been captured by Jupiter and was orbiting the planet at the time. It was located on the night of March 24 in a photograph taken with the 46 cm (18 in) Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California. It was the first active comet observed to be orbiting a planet, and had probably been captured by Jupiter around 20-30 years earlier. Calculations showed that its unusual fragmented form was due to a previous closer approach to Jupiter in July 1992. At that time, the orbit of Shoemaker-Levy 9 passed within Jupiter's Roche limit, and Jupiter's tidal forces had acted to pull apart the comet. The comet was later observed as a series of fragments ranging up to 2 km (1.2 mi) in diameter. These fragments collided with Jupiter's southern hemisphere at a speed of approximately 60 km/s (37 mi/s) (Jupiter's escape velocity) or 216,000 km/h (134,000 mph). The prominent scars from the impacts were more easily visible than the Great Red Spot and persisted for many months. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/great-comet-crash-live-shoemakerlevy-9-jupiter-collisions-dvd-mp4-u94.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 18/19, AD 64: Conflagrations: Conflagrations In Ancient Rome: The Great Fire Of Rome (Latin: Incendium Magnum Romae): -- The Great Fire Of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. Differing accounts either blame Emperor Nero for initiating the fire or credit him with organizing measures to contain it and provide relief for refugees. According to Tacitus and later Christians, Nero blamed the devastation on the Christian community in the city, initiating the empire's first persecution against the Christians. The varying historical accounts of the event come from three secondary sources-Cassius Dio, Suetonius and Tacitus. The primary accounts, which possibly included histories written by Fabius Rusticus, Marcus Cluvius Rufus and Pliny the Elder, did not survive. At least five separate stories circulated regarding Nero and the fire: 1) Motivated by a desire to destroy the city, Nero secretly sent out men pretending to be drunk to set fire to the city. Nero watched from his palace on the Palatine Hill singing and playing the lyre; 2) Nero quite openly sent out men to set fire to the city. Nero watched from the Tower of Maecenas on the Esquiline Hill singing and playing the lyre; 3) Nero sent out men to set fire to the city. Nero sang and played his lyre from a private stage; 4) The fire was an accident. Nero was in Antium; and 5) The fire was said to have been caused by the already unpopular Christians. This story was spread in order to blame someone else, because rumor had it that Nero started it. Tacitus describes the fire as beginning in shops where flammable goods were stored, in the region of the Circus neighboring the Caelian and Palatine Hills of Rome. The night was a windy one and the flames rapidly spread along the full length of the Circus. The fire expanded through an area of narrow, twisting streets and closely located apartment blocks. In this lower area of ancient Rome there were no large buildings such as temples, or open areas of ground, to impede the conflagration. It then spread along the Palatine and Caelian slopes. The population fled first to areas unaffected by the fire and then to the open fields and rural roads outside the city. Looters and arsonists were reported to have spread the flames by throwing torches or, acting in groups, to have hindered measures being made to halt or slow the progress of the flames. Tacitus surmises that some may have acted under orders or that they may simply have wanted to plunder unhindered. According to Tacitus, Nero was away from Rome, in Antium, when the fire broke out. He returned to the city and took measures to bring in food supplies and open gardens and public buildings to accommodate refugees. After six days the organized clearing of built-up areas brought the conflagration to a halt before it reached the Esquiline Hill. There was a further outbreak in the Aemilian district, involving the destruction of temples and arcades but less loss of life. However the fire was now under control. According to Tacitus, of Rome's 14 districts, 3 were completely devastated, 7 more were reduced to a few scorched and mangled ruins and only 4 completely escaped damage. It is postulated that the fire had been intentionally started to create room for Nero's Domus Aurea, but the fire started 1 km (0.6 miles) away from the site where this palace would later be built, on the other side of the Palatine Hill. Moreover, the fire destroyed parts of Nero's own palace, the Domus Transitoria. It seems unlikely that Nero wanted to destroy this palace since he actually salvaged some of the marble decoration and integrated it into the new Domus Aurea. Even the paintings and wall decorations of the new palace were similar to the ones that had been burned. Last, the fire started just two days after a full moon, a time that, it is presumed, would not have been chosen by arsonists who prefer the cover of darkness. Due to the sparse mentions of Christian persecution under Nero in Roman historiography (Cassius Dio wrote about the Great Fire but did not mention Christians) and the lack of evidence that Christians were distinguished from Jews at the time, such persecution has been considered by some modern historians as open to question. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-western-tradition-dvd-set-all-52-shows-13-d5213.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Air Power WWII TV Series With Walter Cronkite DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1943: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II: The Italian Campaign Of World War II (The Liberation Of Italy): The Winter Line: The Battle Of Rome (The Liberation Of Rome): Air Warfare Of World War II: Strategic Bombing During World War II: European Air Operations During The Battle Of Europe: The Bombing Of Rome In World War II: Operation Crosspoint: -- The first of a series of Allied aerial bombings of Rome occurs when it is heavily bombed by 690 American aircraft, which dropped 9,125 bombs weighing 1,168 tons during Operation Crosspoint. Between 11 a.m. and 12 noon, 150 Allied B-17 Flying Fortresses attacked the San Lorenzo freight yard and steel factory; the entire working class district of San Lorenzo was destroyed. In the afternoon, the second target and largest target was the Littorio marshalling yard of Stazione Termini (Roma Termini Railway Station) and industries that manufactured steel, textile products and glass on the northern side of Rome. The third target was the Ciampino Airport, on the south-east side of Rome. The raid caused thousands of civilian casualties (estimates range between 1,600 and 3,200 victims) over five residential/railway districts. After the raid, Pius XII, along with Msgr. Montini (the future Pope Paul VI), travelled to the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls, which had been badly damaged, and distributed 2 million lire to the crowds. The bombings of the "Eternal City" were controversial for several reasons. General Henry H. Arnold described Vatican City as a "hot potato" because of the importance of Catholics in the U.S. Armed Forces. Rome had been the capital city of Italy for around 70 years, but large parts of the city were more than 2,500 years old. The neutral Vatican City sat within Rome, and the Vatican also owned many churches and other buildings outside its territory but within Rome city limits. Many Americans were against a major destruction of Rome. British public opinion, however, was more aligned towards the bombing of the city, due to the participation of Italian planes in The Blitz over London. The British War Cabinet refused to accept the argument that bombing Rome was a crime against humanity, and H.G. Wells was a particularly vocal proponent of doing so. Winston Churchill approved the bombardment by the words "I agree, W.S.C. 16.7.43.". The Bombing Of Rome In World War II took place on several occasions in 1943 and 1944, primarily by Allied and to a smaller degree by Axis aircraft, before the city was invaded by the Allies on June 4, 1944. Pope Pius XII was initially unsuccessful in attempting to have Rome declared an open city, through negotiations with President Roosevelt via Archbishop (later Cardinal) Francis Spellman. Rome was eventually declared an open city on August 14, 1943 (a day after the last Allied bombing) by the defending forces. In the 110,000 sorties that comprised the Allied Rome air campaign, 600 aircraft were lost and 3,600 air crew members died; 60,000 tons of bombs were dropped in the 78 days before Rome was captured by the Allies on June 4, 1944. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/air-power-original-1950s-tv-series-walter-cronkite-4-dv19504.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: New York City History Documentary Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1845: Conflagrations: Conflagrations In The United States: Urban Fires: Urban Fires In The United States: Fires In New York City: The Great New York City Fire Of 1845: -- The last great fire to affect Manhattan began early in the morning and was subdued that afternoon. The fire killed four firefighters, 26 civilians, and destroyed 345 buildings. The fire started in a whale oil and candle manufacturing establishment, J. L. Van Doren, Oil Merchant and Stearin Candle Manufacturer at 34 New Street in Manhattan, and spread quickly to adjoining buildings. The City Hall alarm bell began to ring at about 3:00 a.m., summoning firefighters. In the fire's first two hours, it reached a large multi-story warehouse occupied by Crocker and Warren on Broad Street, where a large quantity of combustible saltpeter was stored. At about 3:30 or 4:00 a.m., the building exploded. The explosion flattened six to eight buildings, blew in the fronts of the opposite houses on Broad Street, and wrenched shutters and doors from buildings at some distance from the immediate area. It propelled bricks and other missiles through the air, threw many people down who had gone as far as Beaver Street, and spread the fire far and wide so that the whole neighborhood was set ablaze. The explosion shattered windows a mile away and was heard as far away as Sandy Hook, New Jersey. The cause of the explosion was debated in the days immediately following the fire. Public speculation led to the arrest of Crocker and Warren, the occupants of the warehouse. The Daily-Tribune reported that the explosions could not have occurred without the presence of gunpowder in addition to the saltpeter, and thus they were suspected of possessing gunpowder, which would have led to a murder charge. However, later inquiry released Crocker and Warren of all charges as no evidence of gunpowder was discovered. During the ten and a half hours that it burned, the fire had destroyed buildings from Broad Street below Wall Street to Stone Street, up Whitehall Street to Bowling Green, and up Broadway to Exchange Place. Buildings were reported destroyed on Broadway, New Street, Broad Street, Exchange Place, Beaver Street, Marketfield Street, Whitehall Street, and South William Street. All told, the fire destroyed 345 buildings in the southern part of what is now the Financial District, resulting in property damage estimated at the time between 5M USD and 10M USD; today, those damages would be between 131M USD and 263M USD. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/new-york-city-history-videos-3-dvd-se3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: La Belle Epoque 1890-1914 DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1900: Europe: The History Of Europe: The Cultural History Of Europe: La Belle Epoque: (French: "The Beautiful Epoch") (1871-1914): Fin De Siecle (French: "The End Of The Century"; equivalent to English "Turn Of The Century"): The History Of Rail Transport: The History Of Rail Transportation In Europe: The History Of Rail Transportation In France: In Europe: The History Of Rail Transportation In Paris: Grand Openings: The Paris Metro (French: Metro De Paris, short for Metropolitain): Paris Metro Line 1 (French: Ligne 1 Du Metro De Paris): -- The first line of the Paris Metro, Paris Metro Line 1, opens for operation. Paris Metro Line 1 is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Metro. It connects La Defense-Grande Arche in the northwest and Chateau de Vincennes in the southeast. Also, there is a future eastern extension planned to go to Val de Fontenay to make a link with Paris Metro Line 15, RER A, RER E and an extension of Tram 1. With a length of 16.5 km (10.3 mi), it constitutes an important east-west transportation route within the City of Paris. Excluding RER (French: Reseau Express Regional) commuter lines, it is the busiest line on the network with 181.2 million travellers in 2017 or 496,000 people per day on average. The line was the network's first to open, with its inaugural section entering service in 1900. It is also the network's first line to be converted from manually driven operation to fully automated operation. Conversion, which commenced in 2007 and was completed in 2011, included new rolling stock (MP 05) and laying of platform edge doors in all stations. The first eight MP 05 trains (501 through 508) went into passenger service on 3 November 2011, allowing the accelerated transfer of the existing MP 89 CC stock to Line 4; however, as of 2019, Line 4 is also being converted to automated operations. The conversion allowed Line 1 to operate as the system's second fully automated line, after Line 14. A transition to fully automated services was done without major interruption to passenger traffic. The new MP 05 rolling stock was able to operate efficiently alongside the manually-driven MP 89 CC rolling stock until there were enough MP 05 to no longer facilitate the need of the MP 89. Full automation was achieved for evening services in May 2012, with an increase to weekend services by August 2012. As of 15 December 2012, Line 1 is fully automated. The remaining five MP 89 CC trains remained stored on Line 1 near the Fontenay workshops until a new garage for Line 4 was opened south of the new Mairie de Montrouge station in February 2013. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/la-belle-epoque-18901914-western-high-society-cul18901914.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Soviet-Afghan War DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1980: The Olympic Games (The Olympics):The 1980 Summer Olympics (Russian: Letnije Olimpijskije Igry 1980) (The Games Of The XXII Olympiad (Russian: Igry XXII Olimpiady), Moscow 1980): -- The 1980 Summer Olympics opens in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union. The 1980 Summer Olympics (Russian: Letnije Olimpijskije Igry 1980), officially known as the Games Of The XXII Olympiad (Russian: Igry XXII Olimpiady) and commonly known as Moscow 1980 (Russian: Moskva 1980), were an international multi-sport event held from July 19 to August 3, 1980 in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The games were the first to be staged in an Eastern Bloc country, as well as the first Olympic Games and only Summer Olympics to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country. They were also the only Summer Olympic Games to be held in a socialist state until the 2008 Summer Olympics held in China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin before he was succeeded by Juan Antonio Samaranch, a Spaniard, shortly afterwards. Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games, the smallest number since 1956. Led by the United States, 66 countries boycotted the games entirely, because of the Soviet-Afghan War. Several alternative events were held outside of the Soviet Union. Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries (not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag. The Soviet Union later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals, with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 203 available golds. A Soviet stamp sheet showing the logo of the games and its mascot Misha holding the 1980 Olympic torch. The map shows the torch relay route from Olympia, Greece, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, to Moscow, Russian SFSR. It also depicts the number of gold, silver and bronze medals (80, 69, 46) won by the Soviet athletes at the Games. The only two cities to bid for the 1980 Summer Olympics were Moscow and Los Angeles. The choice between them was made at the 75th IOC Session in Vienna, Austria on October 23, 1974. Los Angeles would eventually host the 1984 Summer Olympics. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-sovietafghan-war-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Armada: Spanish Armada TV Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1588: The European Wars Of Religion: The Eighty Years' War (The Dutch Revolt): The Anglo-Spanish Wars: The Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604): The Spanish Armada (The Invincible Armada, The Enterprise Of England [Spanish: Grande Y Felicisima Armada, "Great And Most Fortunate Navy"]): The Battle Of Gravelines (1588): -- The Spanish Armada is first sighted from the British isles in the English Channel off "The Lizard" (a corruption of the Cornish "Lys Ardh", meaning "High Court"), a peninsula in southern Cornwall, England (it is coincidental that much of the peninsula is composed of serpentinite-bearing rock). The news was conveyed to London by a system of beacons that had been constructed all the way along the south coast. On this day, the English fleet was trapped in Plymouth Harbour by the incoming tide. The Spanish convened a council of war, where it was proposed to ride into the harbour on the tide and incapacitate the defending ships at anchor. From Plymouth Harbour the Spanish would attack England, but Philip II explicitly forbade Medina Sidonia from acting, leaving the Armada to sail on to the east and toward the Isle of Wight. As the tide turned, 55 English ships set out to confront the Armada from Plymouth under the command of Lord Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, with Sir Francis Drake as Vice Admiral. The rear admiral was Sir John Hawkins. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/armada-dvd-spanish-armada-tv-series-all-3-episode3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1940: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II: The Battle Of The Mediterranean: The Battle Of Cape Spada: -- The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina engage in their first clash of World War II off Cape Spada, the north-western extremity of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea. The Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks with 121 casualties; 555 survivors were rescued. The battle occurred when an Allied squadron patrolling the Aegean encountered two Italian cruisers transferring from Tripoli to Leros, at that time an Italian colony in the Dodecanese Islands. The Allied squadron was commanded by the Australian Captain John Collins aboard the light cruiser HMAS Sydney and included the British H class destroyers HMS Havock, Hyperion, Hasty, Hero and the similar I class destroyer Ilex. The Italian 2nd Cruiser Division was commanded by Vice Admiral Ferdinando Casardi and consisted of the high-speed light cruisers Giovanni dalle Bande Nere and Bartolomeo Colleoni. When the Italians encountered the Allied destroyers at about 07:30, Sydney and Havock were 40 mi (35 nmi; 64 km) to the north on a sweep for submarines. The other destroyers led the Italian cruisers on a chase northwards to give Sydney time to come to the rescue. Sydney sighted the Italians at 08:26, opening fire at 08:29, and the Italian cruisers turned away to the southwest. In the running battle which followed, Bartolomeo Colleoni was hard hit by Sydney and after a shell hit the boilers at 09:23 she stopped dead in the water. She fought on but was unable to manoeuvre or use the main battery; despite the fire from her 100 mm (3.9 in) guns, she was sunk by three torpedoes launched from Ilex and Hyperion at 09:59. Sydney continued to fire against Bande Nere. She was hit in the funnel by a single Italian shell, but managed to hit Bande Nere at least twice, killing eight in the bow and the hangar. Later, Sydney disengaged because she was short of ammunition and Giovanni delle Bande Nere returned to Benghazi, shadowed by the battleship HMS Warspite and a screen of destroyers. The British destroyers were bombed by Italian aircraft in the aftermath, resulting in damage to HMS Havock, whose No. 2 boiler was flooded. A floatplane from Warspite, which was searching for Bande Nere, ditched in the sea and was lost near Tobruk. The crew was captured by the Italians. Allied convoy AN.2 was ordered to sail back to Port Said and remain there until it was eventually known that Bande Nere had reached Benghazi. Despite their speed advantage, the Italian cruisers failed to outrun HMAS Sydney because they had to steer south-southwest, instead of the most obvious route of escape to the south, in order to avoid being trapped between the enemy and the shores of Crete. This gave the Australian cruiser the chance to close the range, as she did. The light armour of Colleoni and Bande Nere was unable to defeat Sydney's rounds. The lack of aerial reconnaissance was another factor contributing to the successful Allies' chase. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/winston-churchill-the-valiant-years-dvd-set-all-26-shows-7-d267.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Great War (1964) TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1916: The European Civil War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World War I): The Western Front Of World War I: The Battle Of The Somme (The Somme Offensive, The First Battle Of The Somme): The Attack At Fromelles (The Battle Of Fromelles, The Battle Of Fleurbaix, Schlacht Von Fromelles): -- In what the Australian War Memorial describes as "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history", the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) debuts on the Western Front as they and British troops attack German trenches as part of the Battle Of The Somme. Of 7,080 BEF casualties, 5,533 were suffered by the 5th Australian Division; the Germans lost 1,600-2,000 men and 150 prisoners. The Attack at Fromelles, also known as the Battle Of Fromelles, Battle of Fleurbaix or Schlacht von Fromelles (19-20 July 1916) was a British military operation on the Western Front during the First World War, subsidiary to the Battle Of The Somme. General Headquarters (GHQ) of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) had ordered the First and Second armies to prepare attacks to support the Fourth Army on the Somme 50 mi (80 km) to the south, to exploit any weakening of the German defences opposite. The attack took place 9.9 mi (16 km) from Lille, between the Fauquissart-Trivelet road and Cordonnerie Farm, an area overlooked from Aubers Ridge to the south. The ground was low-lying and much of the defensive fortification by both sides consisted of breastworks (a temporary earthwork fortification thrown up to breast height) rather than trenches. The operation was conducted by XI Corps of the First Army with the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division and the 5th Australian Division, Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) against the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division, supported by two flanking divisions of the German 6th Army. Preparations for the attack were rushed, the troops involved lacked experience in trench warfare and the power of the German defence was significantly underestimated, the attackers being outnumbered 2:1. The advance took place in daylight on a narrow front against defences overlooked by Aubers Ridge, which left German artillery on either side free to fire into the flanks of the attack. A renewal of the attack by the 61st Division early on 20 July was cancelled, after it was realised that German counter-attacks had already forced a retirement by the Australian troops to the original front line. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-great-war-dvd-set-1964-wwi-tv-series-26-shows-1964266.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The African-American Civil War 54th Massachusetts Infantry DVD MP4 USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1863: The American Civil War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Western Theater Of The American Civil War: The Battles Of The Lower Seaboard Theater And Gulf Approach Of The American Civil War: Operations Against The Defenses Of Charleston During The American Civil War: The Battles Of Fort Wagner: The Second Battle Of Fort Wagner (The Second Assault On Morris Island; The Battle Of Fort Wagner, Morris Island): -- Union troops made a second attempt to capture Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina. The attack was led by the 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry, commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, who was killed while leading his men to the parapet of the enemy along with half of the 600 men in the regiment. This battle marked the first use of black Union troops in the war, and their story is dramatized in the 1989 film Glory, starring Matthew Broderick and Denzel Washington. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-africanamerican-civil-war-54th-massachusetts-infantry-dvd-mp4-544.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Black Civil Rights Films: African-American History DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1919: White Supremacy: Terrorism: Anti-Black Racism: Anti-Black Racism In The United States: Race Riots: Race Riots In The United States: The Nadir Of American Race Relations (1877/1890 - 1901/1923/1941 [Dates Disputed]): The First Red Scare: Red Summer: The Washington Race Riot Of 1919: -- Six days of rioting begin in Washington, D.C., killing some fifteen people and wounding some one hundred fifty. ========= The Washington Race Riot Of 1919 was a civil unrest race riot in Washington, D.C. from July 19, 1919, to July 24, 1919. Starting July 19, white men, many in the United States Army, United States Navy, and United States Marine Corps, responded to the rumored arrest of a black man for rape of a white woman with four days of mob violence against black individuals and businesses. They rioted, randomly beat black people on the street, and pulled others off streetcars for attacks. When police refused to intervene, the black population fought back. The city closed saloons and theaters to discourage assemblies. Meanwhile, the four white-owned local papers, including the Washington Post, fanned the violence with incendiary headlines and calling in at least one instance for mobilization of a "clean-up" operation. After four days of police inaction, President Woodrow Wilson ordered 2,000 federal troops to regain control in the nation's capital. But a violent summer rainstorm had more of a dampening effect. When the violence ended, 15 people had died: at least 10 white people, including two police officers; and around 5 black people. Fifty people were seriously wounded and another 100 less severely wounded. It was one of the few times in 20th-century riots of whites against blacks that white fatalities outnumbered those of black people. The unrest was also one of the Red Summer riots in America. ========= Red Summer is the period from late winter through early autumn of 1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots took place in more than three dozen cities across the United States, as well as in one rural county in Arkansas. The term "Red Summer" was coined by civil rights activist and author James Weldon Johnson, who had been employed as a field secretary by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) since 1916. In 1919, he organized peaceful protests against the racial violence which had occurred that summer. In most instances, attacks consisted of white-on-black violence. However, numerous African Americans also fought back, notably in the Chicago and Washington, D.C. race riots, which resulted in 38 and 15 deaths, respectively, along with even more injuries, and extensive property damage in Chicago. Still, the highest number of fatalities occurred in the rural area around Elaine, Arkansas, where an estimated 100-240 black people and five white people were killed-an event now known as the Elaine massacre. The anti-black riots developed from a variety of post-World War I social tensions, generally related to the demobilization of both black and white members of the United States Armed Forces following World War I; an economic slump; and increased competition in the job and housing markets between ethnic European Americans and African Americans. The time would also be marked by labor unrest, for which certain industrialists used black people as strikebreakers, further inflaming the resentment of white workers. The riots and killings were extensively documented by the press, which, along with the federal government, feared socialist and communist influence on the black civil rights movement of the time following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. They also feared foreign anarchists, who had bombed the homes and businesses of prominent figures and government leaders. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/black-civil-rights-films-africanamerican-history-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: America: The Second Century Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1941: Civil Rights Movements: The American Civil Rights Movement (1896-1954) (The Jim Crow Era): The March On Washington Movement (MOWM) (1941-1946): -- Under pressure from A. Philip Randolph and other leaders of the March On Washington Movement, President Franklin Roosevelt establishes the Fair Employment Practices Committee to monitor discrimination against Negroes in defense industries. On June 25 of that year, Randolph and MOWM pressured President Roosevelt to issue an executive order that would prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry as well as in companies, unions, and federal agencies; otherwise, MOWM would continue with their plans for a The March On Washington to demand these things. Accordingly, President Roosevelt issued on Executive Order 8802 on that date to that effect, and in response, MOWM suspended the march. Two weeks prior to that, on June 18, 1941, President Roosevelt had met with MOWM leaders to urge them to call off their planned March Of Washington demonstration scheduled for July 1, 1941. Randolph leader of the large Black railroad workers union The Brotherhood Of Sleeping Car Porters, refused to call it off, forcing President Roosevelt's hand. Randolph was concerned by the discrimination against Black workers in defense industry hiring. In a 1940 issue of The Pittsburgh Courier, Randolph demanded the right for Black Americans "to work and fight for [their] country." In January 1941, Randolph formed The March On Washington Movement (MOWM). The first objective of the movement was to bring 10,000 Black Americans to gather at the Lincoln Memorial on July 1, 1941 to protest racial discrimination in the military and defense industries. Later, the target size of the march was increased ten-fold to a march of 100,000 Black Americans. Other Black leaders of the MOWM included secretary of the NAACP Walter White, leader of the National Urban League T. Arnold Hill, the leader of the National Council of Negro Women Mary McLeod Bethune, and more. With the stated July 1 date for the MOWM impending, the Roosevelt administration rushed to negotiate with the MOWM's leaders. First-lady Eleanor Roosevelt sent Randolph a letter stating that the planned march was a "grave mistake," but she received no reply from Randolph. Other members of the Roosevelt administration urged defense industry factories to stop discrimination against Black workers, but Randolph stated that he would only call off the march if an executive order was issued. Anxious to stop the march, Roosevelt enlisted the help of civil rights activist during the New Deal Aubrey Williams and labor expert Anna M. Rosenberg. They helped organize a meeting of the leaders of the MOWM with Roosevelt at the White House. The meeting quickly came to an impasse. In response to Randolph's demand for an executive order, Roosevelt replied: "Well Phil, you know I can't do that. If I issue an executive order for you, then there'll be no end to other groups coming in here and asking me to issue executive orders for them too." On the other hand, the MOWM leaders refused to settle for any action short of an executive order. Eventually, the Roosevelt administration acquiesced. A series of meetings in both New York and Washington resulted in the draft order. These meetings involved Randolph and White discussing with Williams, Rosenberg, and New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia. The order was drafted by Joseph Rauh. The March on Washington was suspended after Executive Order 8802 was issued on June 25, 1941. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/america-the-second-century-us-2nd-100-years-history-621006.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1966: Civil Rights Movements: The American Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968): The Ghetto Riots (The Ghetto Rebellions, The Race Riots, The Negro Riots) (1964-1969): The Hough Riots: -- Ohio Governor Rhodes declares a state of emergency in Cleveland, and 1,700 Ohio National Guard troops intervene to restore order. There were 275 arrests and numerous incidents of arson and firebombings. The day prior, on July 18, the six-day Hough Riots were sparked at the Seventh-Niner's Cafe, a bar at the heart the predominantly African American community of Hough (pronounced "Huff") in Cleveland, Ohio, resulting in four African Americans killed and 50 people injured. City officials at first blamed black nationalist and communist organizations for the riots, but historians generally dismiss these claims today, arguing that the cause of the Hough Riots were primarily poverty and racism. The riots caused rapid population loss and economic decline in the area, which lasted at least five decades after the riots. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/eyes-on-the-prize-ii-dvd-set-4-discs-complete-2nd-seri42.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Degas: Edgar Degas Documentary DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1834: #BOTD: #HBD! Edgar Degas, French impressionist painter, sculptor, draftsman and printer (d. September 27, 1917) is #born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas in Paris, France. Degas is especially identified with the subject of dance; more than half of his works depict dancers. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist. He was a superb draftsman, and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his rendition of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes. His portraits are notable for their psychological complexity and for their portrayal of human isolation. At the beginning of his career, Degas wanted to be a history painter, a calling for which he was well prepared by his rigorous academic training and close study of classic art. In his early thirties, he changed course, and by bringing the traditional methods of a history painter to bear on contemporary subject matter, he became a classical painter of modern life. He apparently ceased working in 1912, when the impending demolition of his longtime residence on the rue Victor Masse forced him to move to quarters on Boulevard de Clichy. He never married and spent the last years of his life, nearly blind, restlessly wandering the streets of Paris before dying of a brain aneurysm at the age of 83. He is buried at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris, France. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/degas-dvd-1988-tv-documentary-artist-edgar-d1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Betty Boop: Boop-Oop-A-Doop With Steve Allen DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1883: #BOTD: #HBD! Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator, director and producer (d. September 25, 1972) is #born Majer Fleischer to a Jewish family in Krakow, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Poland). He is best known as a co-owner of Fleischer Studios, an American animation studio founded in New York City with his younger brother Dave Fleischer. Fleischer Studios was an American corporation which originated as an animation studio located at 1600 Broadway, New York City, New York. It was founded in 1921 as Inkwell Studios by brothers Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer who ran the pioneering company from its inception until Paramount Pictures, the studio's parent company and the distributor of its films, acquired ownership. In its prime, Fleischer Studios was a premier producer of animated cartoons for theaters, with Walt Disney Productions's becoming its chief competitor in the 1930s. Fleischer Studios is notable for Koko the Clown, Betty Boop, Bimbo, Popeye the Sailor, and Superman. Unlike other studios, whose characters were anthropomorphic animals, the Fleischers' most successful characters were humans (With the exception of Bimbo in the 1930s.). The cartoons of the Fleischer Studio were very different from the Disney product, both in concept and in execution. As a result, the Fleischer cartoons were rough rather than refined, commercial rather than consciously artistic. But in their unique way, their artistry was expressed through a culmination of the arts and sciences. This approach focused on surrealism, dark humor, adult psychological elements, and sexuality, and the environments were grittier and urban, often set in squalid surroundings, reflecting the Depression as well as German Expressionism. Max Fleischer died from arterial sclerosis of the brain in Los Angeles, California, two months after his 89th birthday, and in announcing his passing the press dubbed him "Dean Of Animated Cartoons". His remains were cremated, and his ashes given to his widow Ethel "Essie" Goldstein. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/betty-boop-boopoopadoop-dvd-steve-allen-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Art In The Third Reich TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1900: #BOTD: Arno Breker, German sculptor who is best known for his public works in Nazi Germany, where they were endorsed by the authorities as the antithesis of degenerate art (d. February 13, 1991) is #born in Elberfeld, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire. He was made official state sculptor, and exempted from military service. One of his better known statues is Die Partei, representing the spirit of the Nazi Party that flanked one side of the carriage entrance to Albert Speer's new Reich Chancellery. After the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945 Breker continued to thrive professionally as a sculptor in the new West Germany. The son of stonemason Arnold Breker, he began hegan his career by studying architecture, along with stone-carving and anatomy. At age 20 he entered the Dusseldorf Academy of Arts where he concentrated on sculpture, studying under Hubert Netzer and Wilhelm Kreis. He first visited Paris in 1924, shortly before finishing his studies. There he met with Jean Cocteau, Jean Renoir, Pablo Picasso, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, and Alfred Flechtheim. In 1927 he moved to Paris, which he thereafter considered to be his home, in the same year he had an exhibition with Alf Bayrle. Breker was quickly accepted by the art dealer Alfred Flechtheim. He also established close relationships with important figures in the art world, including Charles Despiau, Isamu Noguchi, Maurice de Vlaminck and Andre Dunoyer de Segonzac, all of whom he later portrayed. He travelled to North Africa, producing lithographs which he published under the title "Tunisian Journey". He also visited Aristide Maillol, who was later to describe Breker as "Germany's Michelangelo". In 1932, he was awarded a prize by the Prussian Ministry of Culture, which allowed him to stay in Rome for a year. In 1934 he returned to Germany on the advice of Max Liebermann. At this time Alfred Rosenberg, editor of the Nazi newspaper Volkischer Beobachter, actually denounced some of Breker's work as degenerate art. However, Breker was supported by many Nazi leaders, especially Adolf Hitler. Even Rosenberg later hailed his sculptures as expressions of the "mighty momentum and will power" ("Wucht und Willenhaftigkeit") of Nazi Germany. He took commissions from the Nazis from 1933 through 1942, for example participating in a show of his work in occupied Paris in 1942, where he met Jean Cocteau, who appreciated his work. He maintained personal relationships with Albert Speer and with Hitler. In 1936 he won the commission for two sculptures representing athletic prowess, to be entered in the 1936 Olympic games arts competition in Berlin, one representing a Decathlete ("Zehnkampfer"), which won the silver medal for statues, and the other The Victress ("Die Siegerin"). In 1937 he married Demetra Messala, a Greek model. The same year, Breker joined the Nazi Party and was made "official state sculptor" by Hitler, given a large property and provided a studio with forty-three assistants. Breker was on a list of 378 "Gottbegnadeten" (divinely gifted) artists exempted from wartime military duty by Hitler and chief propagandist Joseph Goebbels. His twin sculptures The Party and The Army held a prominent position at the entrance to Albert Speer's new Reich Chancellery, as well as Josef Thorak's "Striding Horses" (1939), which until 1945 flanked the entrance stairs on the garden front of Adolf Hitler's Reich Chancellery in Berlin. The neoclassical nature of his work, with titles like Comradeship, Torchbearer, and Sacrifice, typified Nazi ideals, and suited the characteristics of Nazi architecture. On closer inspection, though, the proportions of his figures, the highly colouristic treatment of his surfaces (the strong contrasts between dark and light accents), and the melodramatic tension of their musculatures perhaps invites comparison with the Italian Mannerist sculptors of the 16th century. This Mannerist tendency to Breker's neoclassicism may suggest closer affinities to concurrent expressionist tendencies in German Modernism than is acknowledged. Until the fall of the Third Reich, Breker was a professor of visual arts in Berlin. Ninety percent of Breker's public works were destroyed during the bombings of Germany toward the end of the war. In 1946, Breker was offered a commission by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, but he refused, saying "One dictatorship is sufficient for me". In 1948 Breker was designated as a "fellow traveller" of the Nazis and fired, despite which he continued to thrive professionally. He returned to Dusseldorf, now in the new West Germany, which remained his base, with periods of residence in Paris. During this time he worked as an architect. However, he continued to receive commissions for sculptures, producing a number of works in his familiar classical style, working for businesses and individual patrons. He also produced many portrait busts. In 1970 he was commissioned by the king of Morocco to produce work for the United Nations Building in Casablanca, but the work was destroyed. Many other works followed, including sculptures for Dusseldorf's city hall, portraits of Anwar Sadat and Konrad Adenauer, and a statue of Pallas Athene, helmeted and throwing a spear in the same bombastic style as his Nazi-era work. Breker's rehabilitation continued, culminating in the creation of a Breker museum, funded by the Bodenstein family, who set aside Schloss Norvenich (between Aachen and Cologne) for the purpose. The Arno Breker Museum was inaugurated in 1985, and still open in 2021.Breker's rehabilitation led to backlashes from anti-Nazi activists, including controversy in Paris when some of his works were exhibited at the Centre Georges Pompidou in 1981. In the same year anti-Breker demonstrations accompanied an exhibition in Berlin. Breker's admirers insisted that he had never been a supporter of Nazi ideology, but had simply accepted their patronage. Breker's last major work was a monumental sculpture of Alexander the Great intended to be located in Greece. Arno Breker was married twice. His first wife, Demetra Messala, was a Greek model. She died in 1956 in a car accident. He remarried in 1958 to Charlotte Kluge. They had two children, Gerhart (1959) and Carola (1962). Breker remained married to Kluge until his death aged 90 in Dusseldorf, Germany. He is buried in Nordfriedhof Cemetery in Dusseldorf. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/art-in-the-third-reich-dvd-2-part-tv-documentary-serie2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monarchy In The UK: British Royal History MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1553: The English Monarchy (The Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of England): Royal Accessions: Successions To The English Throne: -- Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I Of England as Queen Of England after only nine days on the throne. ========= Lady Jane Grey, also known as Lady Jane Dudley (after her marriage) and as "the Nine Days' Queen", was an English noblewoman and de facto Queen Of England and Ireland from July 10 until July 19 1553. Jane was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII through his younger daughter Mary, and was a first cousin once removed of Edward VI. She had an excellent humanist education and a reputation as one of the most learned young women of her day. In May 1553, she married Lord Guildford Dudley, a younger son of Edward's chief minister John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. In June 1553, Edward VI wrote his will, nominating Jane and her male heirs as successors to the Crown, in part because his half-sister Mary was Roman Catholic, while Jane was a committed Protestant and would support the reformed Church of England, whose foundation Edward claimed to have laid. The will removed his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, from the line of succession on account of their illegitimacy, subverting their claims under the Third Succession Act. After Edward's death, Jane was proclaimed queen on July 10, 1553 and awaited coronation in the Tower of London. Support for Mary grew very quickly, and most of Jane's supporters abandoned her. The Privy Council of England suddenly changed sides and proclaimed Mary as queen on July 19, 1553, deposing Jane. Her primary supporter, her father-in-law the Duke of Northumberland, was accused of treason and executed less than a month later. Jane was held prisoner in the Tower and was convicted in November 1553 of high treason, which carried a sentence of death - though Mary initially spared her life. However, Jane soon became viewed as a threat to the Crown when her father, Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, got involved with Wyatt's Rebellion against Queen Mary's intention to marry Philip II of Spain. Both Jane and her husband were executed on February 12, 1554. ========= Mary I Of England (February 18, 1516 - November 17, 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was the Queen Of England from July 19, 1553 until her death. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by parliament, but during her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions, which led to her denunciation as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents. Mary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine Of Aragon, to survive to adulthood. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because he supposed, correctly, that she would reverse the Protestant reforms that had continued during his reign. Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed Lady Jane Grey as queen. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. Mary was-excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda-the first queen regnant of England. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556. After Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor, Elizabeth I. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/monarchy-in-the-uk-british-royal-history-mp4-video-download-dvd-set.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Suspense! Old Time Radio Series DVD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1860: #BOTD: Lizzie Borden, American woman tried and acquitted of the August 4, 1892, axe murders of her father and stepmother in Fall River, Massachusetts (d. June 1, 1927) is #born Lizzie Andrew Borden in Fall River, Massachusetts. No one else was charged in the murders, and despite ostracism from other residents, Borden spent the remainder of her life in Fall River. She died of pneumonia at age 66, just days before the death of her older sister, Emma. The Borden murders and trial received widespread publicity throughout the United States, and along with Borden herself, they remain a topic in American popular culture to the present day. They have been depicted in numerous films, theatrical productions, literary works, and folk rhymes and are still very well-known in the Fall River area. The case was memorialized in a popular skipping-rope rhyme, sung to the tune of the then-popular song "Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay": "Lizzie Borden took an axe | and gave her mother forty whacks. | When she saw what she had done | she gave her father forty-one." In reality, Borden's stepmother suffered 18 or 19 blows; her father suffered 11 blows. Lizzie Borden died of pneumonia in her hometown of Fall River, Massachusets, aged 66. Funeral details were not published and few attended. Nine days later, her sister Emma died from chronic nephritis in a nursing home in Newmarket, New Hampshire, having moved to this location in 1923 both for health reasons and to avoid renewed attention following the publication of another book about the murders. The Borden sisters, neither of whom had ever married, were buried side by side in the family plot in Oak Grove Cemetery in Fall River, Massachusetts. At the time of her death, Borden was worth over 250K USD (5.652M USD in 2022). She owned a house on the corner of French Street and Belmont Street, several office buildings, shares in several utilities, two cars and a large amount of jewelry. She left 30K USD (equivalent to 678K USD in 2022) to the Fall River Animal Rescue League and 500 USD (11K USD in 2022) in trust for perpetual care of her father's grave. Her closest friend and a cousin each received 6K USD(136K USD in 2022) - substantial sums at the time of the estate's distribution in 1927 - and numerous friends and family members each received between 1K USD (23K USD in 2022) and 5K USD(113K in 2022). On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/suspense-mp3-dvd-complete-old-time-radio-serie3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Golden Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD: Lady Bo, African American rock and roll pioneer, nicknamed The Queen Mother Of Guitar, one of the first - perhaps the first - female rock guitarists in a highly visible rock band, rhythm guitar player in Bo Diddley's band in the late 1950s and early 1960s (d. September 16, 2015) is #born Peggy Jones in Harlem, New York City. Jones grew up in the Sugar Hill section, and attended the High School of Performing Arts where she studied tap and ballet dance and trained in opera. Even from a very young age, she found herself completely consumed with music; purchasing her first guitar at the age of 15. She was briefly in a local doo-wop group, the Bop Chords, which disbanded in 1957. Jones met Bo Diddley in 1956 backstage after playing with the Bop-Chords in the Apollo Theater. Bo Diddley was impressed to see a girl with a guitar case, and this chance meeting led to an invitation to join Diddley's band as a guitarist and singer. She recorded with him from 1957 to approximately 1963, appearing on singles including "Hey! Bo Diddley", "Road Runner", "Bo Diddley's A Gunslinger", and the instrumental "Aztec" which she wrote and played all the guitar parts. Throughout her time with Diddley, Jones maintained the separate career she had begun independently as a songwriter, session musician, and bandleader. She led her own band, the Jewels (also known as the Fabulous Jewels, Lady Bo and the Family Jewels, and various other names, but not to be confused with The Jewels), which became a top R & B band on the New York - Boston east coast club scene the 1960s and 1970s. She eventually left Diddley's band to concentrate on the Jewels and other activities. She was replaced with another female guitarist, Norma-Jean Wofford ("The Duchess"). In 1970, she re-joined Bo Diddley's band, bringing The Jewels with her. Jones was known for playing the Roland guitar synthesizer, an experimental instrument not typically heard in rhythm and blues music. Jones played guitar on Les Cooper's 1962 instrumental "Wiggle Wobble" and percussion on the 1967 hit "San Franciscan Nights" by Eric Burdon and The Animals and other recordings and later backed James Brown and Sam & Dave. She remained musically active well into the 21st century. Many assumed that Lady Bo and Bo Diddley were a couple, considering her given name, but that was not the case. She was married to the band's bass player, Wally Malone. Lady Bo died at the age of 75, leaving behind her husband. Her place of death and cause of death is still unknown, and her burial details are not publicly disclosed. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-golden-age-of-rock-39n39-roll-dvd-complete-tv-series-5-39395.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Civil Rights OTR: Destination Freedom, New World A-Coming CD MP3 USB
Today, July 19, 2026

July 19, 1922: #BOTD: #HBD! Happy 104th Birthday, Rachel Robinson! Rachel Robinson, former professor, registered nurse, recipient of the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award (2007) and, with the Buck O'Neil Lifetime Achievement Award (2017), wife of American professional baseball player Jackie Robinson, who together are the first married couple to reside alongside each other in Major league Baseball's Hall of Fame, and beauty, is #born Rachel Isum in New York City. She attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where she met Robinson in 1941 prior to his leaving UCLA when his baseball eligibility ran out. She graduated from UCLA on June 1, 1945, with a bachelor's degree in nursing. Rachel and Robinson married on February 10, 1946, the year before he broke into the big leagues. They had three children: Jackie, Jr. (1946-1971), Sharon (born 1950), and David (born 1952). After Jackie Robinson's retirement from baseball following the 1956 season, Rachel Robinson further pursued her nursing career, obtaining a master's degree in psychiatric nursing from New York University. She worked as a researcher and clinician at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine's Department of Social and Community Psychiatry, a position she held for five years. She then became an Assistant Professor at Yale School of Nursing and later the Director of Nursing at the Connecticut Mental Health Center. In 1972, she incorporated the Jackie Robinson Development Corporation, a real estate development company specializing in low- to moderate-income housing, and served as president for ten years. In 1973, she founded The Jackie Robinson Foundation in 1973, a national non-profit organization located in New York City, which gives scholarships to minority youths for higher education, as well as preserving the legacy of Jackie Robinson. Its motto is "JRF has provided college and graduate school scholarships as well as leadership development opportunities for highly motivated students of color with limited financial resources." The Foundation has provided support for over 1,000 minority students and has maintained a 97% graduation rate among its scholars. In 1996, she coauthored Jackie Robinson: An Intimate Portrait with Lee Daniels, published by Abrams Publishing Company. In 2007, she was awarded the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award by Commissioner Bud Selig. In 2009, she received the UCLA Medal from Chancellor Gene Block for her lifetime achievements. The UCLA Medal is the university's highest honor and was created to "honor those individuals who have made extraordinary and distinguished contributions to their professions, to higher education, to our society, and to the people of UCLA." In addition to earning twelve honorary doctorates, Robinson was awarded the Candace Award for Distinguished Service from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women, the Equitable Life Black Achiever's Award and the Associated Black Charities Black History Makers Award. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2014. As of her 2022 100th birthday, she lives on a 60-acre farm in Salem, Connecticut. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/destination-freedom-new-world-a39comin39-mp3-cd-civil-rights-39393.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Vietnam War & AFVN Radio MP3 Set MPG & JPG Set CD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
( #JCKaelin here: Adrian Cronauer, who was the inspiration for the movie "Good Morning, Vietnam", was a customer of ours, and he favorably reviewed our 2003 Vietnam War MP3 CD which we are listing on special here, a title which featured him on his Vietnam "Dawn Buster" radio show. He was very kind and supportive of us, as appears to have been his M.O., and provided us legal advice from time to time. We surely miss him :D ) ========= July 19, 2018: #DOTD: #RIP: Adrian Cronauer, United States Air Force Airman 1st Class and radio personality whose experiences as an innovative disc jockey on American Forces Network during the Vietnam War inspired the 1987 film Good Morning, Vietnam (b. September 8, 1938) #dies at a nursing home in Troutville, Virginia at the age of 79. He is buried at Southwest Virginia Veterans Cemetery in Dublin, Virginia. At the time of his death, Cronauer lived in Troutville, Virginia. He was married to Jeane Cronauer (nee Steppe), who died in 2016. She had a son by a previous marriage, Michael Muse. Cronauer was a member of Mensa. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Adrian Joseph Cronauer was a fan of the EarthStation1 website and corresponded with us about the site in the early 2000s. He was #born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He began his broadcasting career at the age of 12 as a guest for a Pittsburgh-area children's amateur hour. He attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he helped found the forerunner of the university's college radio station WPTS-FM. Cronauer chose to enlist instead of waiting on the draft in the early 1960s. After deliberating about entering flight training (which entailed a longer service commitment), Cronauer chose broadcasting and media operations, ultimately becoming a U.S. Air Force Radio and Television Broadcasting Specialist. His service spanned the years from 1963 to 1967. He eventually rose to the rank of Airman First Class. While Cronauer is most known for his service in Vietnam, he was previously stationed at Iraklion Air Station, Crete, Greece. In the late 1970s, while working as the classical morning host at WVWR in Roanoke, Virginia (now Virginia Tech's WVTF), Cronauer had an idea for a television sitcom that would be a blend of M*A*S*H and WKRP in Cincinnati, two popular TV series of that era. It was not until some years later that he was able to elicit interest in the proposal which became the film Good Morning, Vietnam. The movie was based on his experiences as a Saigon-based DJ during the Vietnam War, where he served from 1965 to 1966. His program was known as the Dawn Buster. According to Cronauer, other than the film's portrayal of him being a radio host, very little of the film reflects his experiences, except the bombing of a restaurant which Cronauer witnessed first-hand from nearby. A subsequent special program on National Public Radio about the role of the American Forces Vietnam Network (AFVN-military radio and television) earned Cronauer a 1992 Ohio State Award and two 1991 Gold Medals from the New York Radio Festival. He earned a master's degree in Media Studies from the New School for Social Research in New York City and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Pennsylvania. Cronauer's law practice concentrated in information and communications law. Cronauer consented to disbarment in the District Of Columbia in October 2014 for reportedly misleading consumers through misrepresentations and deceptive and fraudulent loan modification and foreclosure prevention practices. Later he worked as a special assistant to the director of the Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office. Cronauer was a member of Mensa and a "lifelong card-carrying Republican", having taken an "active role" in both Bob Dole's 1996 unsuccessful presidential campaign and George W. Bush's 2004 successful presidential reelection campaign. https://store.earthstation1.com/vietnam-war-cdrom-mp3s-mpgs-jpgs-cdro3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 2 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19: National Flitch Day (England): -- An unofficial holiday that dates back to an ancient custom that saw married couples earning a flitch of bacon (a side of bacon) by proving the strength of their union after a year. The couple would stand trial to prove their love and faithfulness to each other after a year and a day of their marriage, and, if successful, they were given a flitch of bacon as an award. While this tradition is no longer actively practiced, it is still celebrated every three to four years at the Dunmow Flitch Trials. While the exact origins of National Flitch Day remain unknown, we do know the original tradition started in 1104, when Reginald Fitzwalter and his wife, the lord and lady of a manor, disguised themselves as commoners and sought the blessing of the prior at the local priory for their marriage. Impressed with their devotion to each other, the prior gave them a flitch of bacon. This gave rise to the custom in which married couples were awarded a flitch of bacon if they did not regret their marriage after a year and a day. The couple would undergo a mock trial to prove their love and, if they succeeded, they were awarded a flitch of bacon - about half a pig. This custom took place in Wychnor, Staffordshire, and Little Dunmow in England. In Little Dunmow, married couples would prove that neither one of them regretted their marriage in the previous year and a day and then would kneel in the churchyard on two hard and pointed stones. They would proceed to take an oath in front of monks and the town inhabitants. Once they succeeded, they were awarded a flitch of bacon and paraded around the town. This custom went on till the mid-18th century. Now, the flitch trials, organized by the Dunmow Flitch Trials Committee, are still held in Great Dunmow, England, but only in a leap year. It is said that Little Dunmow is the only location to have preserved this custom to date. Although the custom made its way into the United States by colonists, it did not survive for a long time. The celebrations for National Flitch Day do not involve a trial and are just a reminder and acknowledgment of the tradition. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-2-dv2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Bees & Wasps Documentary MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19: National Urban Beekeeping Day: -- Today is set aside to celebrate the practice of keeping bee colonies in urban areas. Other names for urban beekeeping are hobby beekeeping and 'backyard beekeeping. Apiculture refers to the practice of keeping and maintaining bees. At a time, it was prohibited to keep bees in urban areas, but recent discoveries show that bees kept in the city are healthier than those kept in the country and that bees have economic and environmental growth. On December 3, 2019, Detroit Hives, a non-profit organization, declared July 19 of every year as National Urban Beekeeping Day. The holiday was created to raise awareness about supporting urban beekeepers, inform the public on the role of urban beekeeping, and also to discuss the importance of bees in our environment. On July 21 of the same year, Jewell Jones introduced the H.R. Bill 141, a bill to declare July 19 as National Urban Beekeeping Day in the State of Michigan. This bill was granted and supported by ten State Representatives. One of the challenges of urban beekeeping was swarming. While it is harmless, the sight of a swarming colony of bees in an urban area is enough to scare people away and disturb their day-to-day activities. People know that bee stings can be excruciating and are ever wary of getting stung by bees. Another challenge was that the increasing popularity of urban beekeeping led to lower honey yields as reported in some cities like New York. Then, there was the challenge of easy transmission of some disease agents that affect honey bees in urban areas. These challenges led to numerous bee bans, especially in North American cities. But in recent times, these bans have been overturned. One of the major reasons for this was the health of the bees. Bees in urban colonies were found to be healthier and more productive than country bees. The inclusion of bees in the local food movement also helped in overturning bans, and from 1999 to 2012, there was an enormous increase in urban beekeepers. Although it is now mandatory to register beehives, a large number of beekeepers do not inform their city management. https://store.earthstation1.com/bees-wasps-documentary-mp4-video-download-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1988: Natural Disasters: Natural Disasters In The United States: Fires: Conflagrations: Conflagrations In The United States: Wildfires (Forest Fires, Bushfires, Brushfires, Wildland Fires, Rural Fires): The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988: The Red Fire: -- After starting near Lewis Lake on July 1, and advancing little for several weeks just like The Shoshone Fire, The Red Fire now moves northeast, ultimately to combine with the great Shoshone Fire in August. The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 (June 14 - November 18, 1988) started as many smaller individual fires. The flames quickly spread out of control due to drought conditions and increasing winds, combining into one large conflagration which burned for several months. The fires almost destroyed two major visitor destinations and, on September 8, 1988, the entire park closed to all non-emergency personnel for the first time in its history. Only the arrival of cool and moist weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. A total of 793,880 acres (3,213 km2), or 36 percent of the park, was affected by the wildfires. Thousands of firefighters fought the fires, assisted by dozens of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft which were used for water and fire retardant drops. At the peak of the effort, more than 9,000 firefighters were assigned to the park. With fires raging throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and other areas in the western United States, the staffing levels of the National Park Service and other land management agencies were inadequate for the situation; more than 4,000 U.S. military personnel were soon brought in to assist in wildfire suppression efforts. The firefighting effort cost 120M USD (260M USD in 2021). Losses to structures were minimized by concentrating firefighting efforts near major visitor areas, keeping property damage down to 3M USD (7M USD as of 2021). No firefighters died while fighting the Yellowstone fires, though there were two fire-related deaths outside the park. Before the late 1960s, fires were generally believed to be detrimental for parks and forests, and management policies were aimed at suppressing fires as quickly as possible. However, as the beneficial ecological role of fire became better understood in the decades before 1988, a policy was adopted of allowing natural fires to burn under controlled conditions, which proved highly successful in reducing the area lost annually to wildfires. The unprecedented nature of the fires led to many questions about existing fire management policies. Media accounts of mismanagement were often sensational and inaccurate, sometimes wrongly reporting or implying that most of the park was being destroyed. While there were temporary declines in air quality during the fires, no adverse long-term health effects have been recorded in the ecosystem and, contrary to initial reports, few large mammals were killed by the fires, though there was a subsequent reduction in the number of moose which has yet to rebound. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-yellowstone-fires-of-1988-documentary1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Story Of Civilization: Will & Ariel Durant DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026
July 18/19, 1374: #DOTD: #RIP: Francesco Petrarca, commonly known in English as Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar of the Italian Renaissance, often considered the founder of Humanism (b. July 20, 1304) #dies in his house in Arqua, aged 69. He is buried at The Tomba Del Petrarca in Arqua Petrarca, Veneto, Italy. The house hosts now a permanent exhibition of Petrarchian works and curiosities, including the famous tomb of an embalmed cat long believed to be Petrarch's (although there is no evidence Petrarch actually had a cat). Francesco Petrarca was born in the Tuscan city of Arezzo in modern Italy. His rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the Italian Renaissance as well as the 14th-century Renaissance generally. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch would be later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca. Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages." This standing back from his time was possible because he straddled two worlds - the classical and his own modern day. https://store.earthstation1.com/story-of-civilization-will-amp-ariel-durant-mp3-dvd-11-audiobo311.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Pirates 12 Part Documentary Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1603: The English Monarchy (The Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of England): English Political Conspiracies: The Main Plot: -- Sir Walter Raleigh is arrested at what is now the Old Exeter Inn in Ashburton, charged with treason, for his alleged involvement in the Main Plot, an alleged conspiracy of July 1603, supposedly led by Lord Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham and funded by the Spanish government, to remove King James I from the English throne and to replace him with his cousin Lady Arbella Stuart. His trial began on November 17 in the converted Great Hall of Winchester Castle. Raleigh conducted his own defence. The chief evidence against him was the signed and sworn confession of his friend Lord Brooke. Raleigh repeatedly requested that Cobham be called to testify, but the tribunal refused to allow Cobham either to testify or be cross-examined; despite this refusal, Raleigh's trial has been regularly cited as influential in establishing a common law right to confront accusers in court. Raleigh was convicted, but King James spared his life. While imprisoned in the Tower, Raleigh wrote his incomplete The History of the World. Using a wide array of sources in six languages, Raleigh was fully abreast of the latest continental scholarship. He wrote not about England, but of the ancient world with a heavy emphasis on geography. First published in 1614, it covers the course of human history from Genesis to the conquest of Macedon by Rome. Raleigh intended to write more volumes relating the rise and fall of the great empires, but his release in 1615, his expedition to Guiana, and his execution in 1618, prevented the accomplishment of his plan. According to Edmund Gosse, "This huge composition is one of the principal glories of seventeenth-century literature, and takes a very prominent place in the history of English prose." Despite Raleigh's intention of providing current advice to the King Of England, King James I complained that it was "too sawcie in censuring Princes". On March 20, 1616, Raleigh was freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment. His son, Carew, was conceived and born (in 1604 or 1605) while Raleigh was imprisoned in the Tower. In 1617, Raleigh was pardoned by the King and granted permission to conduct an ill-fated second expedition to Venezuela in search of El Dorado. Sir Walter Raleigh, English statesman, soldier, writer and explorer, one of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era, who played a leading part in English colonisation of North America, suppressed rebellion in Ireland, helped defend England against the Spanish Armada and held political positions under Elizabeth I (c. 1552 - October 29, 1618) was born to a landed gentry family of Protestant faith in East Budleigh, Devon, England, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. He was the younger half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville. Little is known of his early life, though in his late teens he spent some time in France taking part in the religious civil wars. In his 20s he took part in the suppression of rebellion in the colonisation of Ireland; he also participated in the siege of Smerwick. Later, he became a landlord of property in Ireland and mayor of Youghal in East Munster, where his house still stands in Myrtle Grove. He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585. He was granted a royal patent to explore Virginia, paving the way for future English settlements. In 1591, he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset. Walter Raleigh died of beheading in the Old Palace Yard at the Palace of Westminster in London, England aged approximately 65 for allegedly conspiring against James I of England, but actually to appease England's hitherto enemy, Spain. After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, Raleigh was imprisoned (again) in The Tower Of London, this time for being involved in the Main Plot against King James I, who was not favourably disposed towards him. In 1616, he was released to lead a second expedition in search of El Dorado; in 1594, Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it, publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of "El Dorado". During the expedition, a detachment of Raleigh's men led by his top commander and long-time friend Lawrence Kemys attacked the Spanish outpost of Santo Tome de Guayana on the Orinoco river, in violation of peace treaties with Spain and against Raleigh's orders. A condition of Raleigh's pardon was avoidance of any hostility against Spanish colonies or shipping. In the initial attack on the settlement, Raleigh's son, Walter, was fatally shot. Kemys informed Raleigh of his son's death and begged for forgiveness, but did not receive it, and at once committed suicide. On Raleigh's return to England, an outraged Count Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador, demanded that Raleigh's death sentence be reinstated by King James, who had little choice but to do so. Raleigh was brought to London from Plymouth by Sir Lewis Stukley, where he passed up numerous opportunities to make an effective escape. "Let us dispatch", he said to his executioner. "At this hour my ague (fever) comes upon me. I would not have my enemies think I quaked from fear." After he was allowed to see the axe that would be used to behead him, he mused: "This is a sharp Medicine, but it is a Physician for all diseases and miseries." According to biographers, Raleigh's last words, spoken to the hesitating executioner, were: "What dost thou fear? Strike, man, strike!" Having been one of the people to popularise tobacco smoking in England, he left a small tobacco pouch, found in his cell shortly after his execution. Engraved upon the pouch was a Latin inscription: Comes meus fuit in illo miserrimo tempore ("It was my companion at that most miserable time"). Raleigh's head was embalmed and presented to his wife. His body was to be buried in the local church in Beddington, Surrey, the home of Lady Raleigh, but was finally laid to rest in St. Margaret's, Westminster, where his tomb is presently located. "The Lords", she wrote, "have given me his dead body, though they have denied me his life. God hold me in my wits." It has been said that Lady Raleigh kept her husband's head in a velvet bag until her death. After Raleigh's wife's death 29 years later, his head was removed to his tomb and interred at St. Margaret's Church. Although Raleigh's popularity had waned considerably since his Elizabethan heyday, his execution was seen by many, both at the time and since, as unnecessary and unjust, as for many years his involvement in the Main Plot seemed to have been limited to a meeting with Lord Cobham. One of the judges at his trial later said: "The justice of England has never been so degraded and injured as by the condemnation of the honourable Sir Walter Raleigh." https://store.earthstation1.com/pirates-12-part-documentary-series-mp4-video-download-124.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Combat At Sea Documentary Series + 2 Bonuses MP4 Video Download DVDs
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1545: The Italian Wars: The Italian War Of 1542-1546: The Battle Of The Solent: The Sinking Of The Mary Rose: -- The Tudor warship Mary Rose, a carrack-type of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII, sinks off Portsmouth when a breeze sprang up and caused her to founder and sink with the loss of all but 35-40 of her some 400-450 man crew. In 1982, the wreck was salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology. The Mary Rose was one of the largest ships in the English navy through 33 years in several intermittent wars against France, Scotland, and Brittany. She was one of the earliest examples of a purpose-built sailing warship. She was armed with new types of heavy guns that could fire through the recently invented gun-ports. She was substantially rebuilt in 1536 and was also one of the earliest ships that could fire a broadside, although the line of battle tactics had not yet been developed. She led the attack on the galleys of a French invasion fleet during the Battle of the Solent, but sank in the Solent, the straits north of the Isle of Wight. The naval Battle of the Solent took place on July 18-19 1545 during the Italian Wars between the fleets of Francis I of France and Henry VIII Of England, in the Solent, the strait that separates the Isle of Wight from Hampshire on the mainland of England. The engagement was inconclusive, and is most notable for the sinking of the English carrack Mary Rose. Many accounts of the sinking have been preserved that describe the incident, but the only confirmed eyewitness account is the testimony of a surviving Flemish crewman written down by the Holy Roman Emperor's ambassador Francois van der Delft in a letter dated July 24, 1545. According to the unnamed Fleming, the ship had fired all of its guns of one side and was turning to present the guns on the other side to the enemy ship, when she was caught in a strong gust of wind, heeled and took in water through the open gunports. In a letter to William Paget dated July 23, former Lord High Admiral John Russel claimed that the ship had been lost because of "rechenes (Early Modern English: "miscalculation) and great negligence". Three years after the sinking, the Hall's Chronicle gave the reason for the sinking as being caused by "to[o] much foly ... for she was laden with much ordinaunce, and the portes left open, which were low, & the great ordinaunce unbreached, so that when the ship should turne, the water entered, and sodainly she sanke." Later accounts repeat the explanation that the ship heeled over while going about and that the ship was brought down because of the open gunports. A biography of Peter Carew, brother of George Carew, written by John Hooker sometime after 1575, gives the same reason for the sinking, but adds that insubordination among the crew was to blame. The biography claims that George Carew noted that the Mary Rose showed signs of instability as soon as her sails were raised. George's uncle Gawen Carew had passed by with his own ship the Matthew Gonson during the battle to inquire about the situation of his nephew's ship. In reply he was told "that he had a sorte of knaves whom he could not rule". Contrary to all other accounts, Martin du Bellay, a French cavalry officer who was present at the battle, stated that the Mary Rose had been sunk by French guns. A salvage attempt was ordered by Secretary Of State William Paget only days after the sinking. Only rigging, some guns and other items were successfully raised. The wreck of the Mary Rose was discovered in 1971 and was raised on October 11, 1982 by the Mary Rose Trust. The surviving section of the ship and thousands of recovered artefacts are of great value as a Tudor-era time capsule. The excavation and raising of the Mary Rose was a milestone in the field of maritime archaeology, comparable in complexity and cost to the raising of the 17th-century Swedish warship Vasa in 1961. The finds include weapons, sailing equipment, naval supplies, and a wide array of objects used by the crew. Many of the artefacts are unique to the Mary Rose and have provided insights into topics ranging from naval warfare to the history of musical instruments. The remains of the hull have been on display at the Portsmouth Historic Dockyard since the mid-1980s while undergoing restoration. An extensive collection of well-preserved artefacts is on display at the Mary Rose Museum, built to display the remains of the ship and its artefacts. https://store.earthstation1.com/combat-at-sea-dvd-set-all-12-naval-warfare-tv-shows-6-di126.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: World War II: The War Years 17 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1942: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Battle Of The Atlantic: Submarine Warfare (U-Boat Warfare, U-Boot Krieg, Unterseeboot Krieg): The Second Happy Time (German: Zweite Gluckliche Seit) (The American Shooting Season) (Operation Paukenschlag [German: "Operation Drumbeat"]): -- German Grand Admiral Karl Donitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system. The Second Happy Time was the informal name for a phase in the Battle of the Atlantic during which Axis submarines attacked merchant shipping and Allied naval vessels along the east coast of North America. The first "Happy Time" was in 1940-41 in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini declared war on the United States on 11 December 1941 so their navies could begin the Second Happy Time. The Second Happy Time lasted from January 1942 to about August of that year and involved several German naval operations including Operation Paukenschlag (or Operation Drumbeat) and Operation Neuland. German submariners named it the happy time or the golden time as defense measures were weak and disorganized, and the U-boats were able to inflict massive damage with little risk. During this period, Axis submarines sank 609 ships totaling 3.1 million tons and the loss of thousands of lives, mainly those of merchant mariners, against a loss of only 22 U-boats. Although less than losses during the 1917 campaign of the First World War, it was roughly one quarter of all shipping sunk by U-boats during the entire Second World War. Historian Michael Gannon called it "America's Second Pearl Harbor" and placed the blame for the nation's failure to respond quickly to the attacks on the inaction of Admiral Ernest J. King, commander-in-chief of the U.S. fleet. Others however have pointed out that the belated institution of a convoy system was at least in substantial part due to a severe shortage of suitable escort vessels, without which convoys were seen as actually more vulnerable than lone ships. https://store.earthstation1.com/world-war-ii-the-war-years-17-part-tv-series-mp4-video-download-174.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: CBS European War News: The Summer Of 1940 MP3 Set CD, Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1940: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony: -- The first occasion in World War II that Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements. It was a promotion ceremony held at the Kroll Opera House in Berlin in which Adolf Hitler promoted twelve generals to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall ("field marshal"). The prestigious rank of field marshal had been banned after the First World War. As part of the Nazi expansion of the military, the rank was revived. Hitler promoted twelve selected generals to field marshal during the ceremony in Berlin for their role in the swift victory over France and the Low Countries: Colonel General Walther von Brauchitsch, Colonel General Fedor von Bock, General of the Aviators Albert Kesselring, Colonel General Wilhelm Keitel, Colonel General Gunther von Kluge, Colonel General Wilhelm von Leeb, Colonel General Wilhelm List, Colonel General Erhard Milch, Colonel General Walther von Reichenau, Colonel General Gerd von Rundstedt, General of the Aviators Hugo Sperrle, and Colonel General Erwin von Witzleben. During the same ceremony, Hermann Goring, already Generalfeldmarschall since 1938, was promoted to the rank, newly-created especially for him, of Reichsmarschall, equivalent to General Of The Armies in the United States, or Generalissimo in other countries. https://store.earthstation1.com/cbs-european-war-news-radio-mp3-cd-summer-of-1940-broad31940.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The World: A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1870: The Unification Of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung): The Franco-Prussian War (The Franco-German War, The War Of 1870, 70/71): -- The Franco-Prussian War (The Franco-German War, often referred to in France as The War Of 1870 or in Germany as The German-French War) begins as The Second French Empire of Napoleon III declares war on The Kingdom of Prussia, and thereby on the German states of the North German Confederation led by Prussia. The Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870 - January 28, 1871) was a conflict caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked a French attack in order to draw the independent southern German states-Baden, Wurttemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt-into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded. None, however, dispute the fact that Bismarck must have recognized the potential for new German alliances, given the situation as a whole. On July 16, 1870, the French parliament voted to declare war on the German Kingdom of Prussia and hostilities began three days later. The German coalition mobilised its troops much more quickly than the French and rapidly invaded northeastern France. The German forces were superior in numbers, had better training and leadership and made more effective use of modern technology, particularly railroads and artillery. A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege Of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw Napoleon III captured and the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated. A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 September and continued the war for another five months; the German forces fought and defeated new French armies in northern France. Following the Siege Of Paris, the capital fell on 28 January 1871, and then a revolutionary uprising called the Paris Commune seized power in the capital and held it for two months, until it was bloodily suppressed by the regular French army at the end of May 1871. On January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles in Paris. on the anniversary of the coronation of the first Prussian king in 1701, the victorious German states proclaimed Wilhelm I as Kaiser of the German Empire, and proclaimed their union of states as being collectively constitutuents of that German Empire, thereby finally uniting the German states as the single nation-state of Germany. The Treaty of Frankfurt of May 10, 1871 that followed gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen). The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and Otto von Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades. French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-world-a-television-history-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-26-sh426.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Korea: The 38th Parallel Korean War Richard Basehart MP4 Download DVD
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1965: #DOTD: #RIP: Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, first and the last Head of State of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1919 to his impeachment in 1925 and from 1947 to 1948, first President of South Korea (1948-1960) (b. March 26, 1875) #dies in Honolulu, Hawaii of a stroke, aged 90. He is buried at Seoul National Cemetery in Seoul, South Korea. Syngman Rhee was born in Daegyeong, a village in Pyeongsan County, Hwanghae Province of Joseon-ruled Korea. As President of South Korea, Rhee's government was characterised by authoritarianism, limited economic development, and in the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition. Authoritarianism continued in South Korea after Rhee's resignation until 1987, except for a few short breaks. Rhee attended an American Methodist school, where he converted to Christianity. He became involved in anti-Japanese activities after the 1894-95 First Sino-Japanese War and was imprisoned in 1899. Released in 1904, he moved to the United States, where he obtained degrees from American universities and met President Theodore Roosevelt. After a brief 1910-12 return to Korea, he moved to Hawaii in 1913. From 1918 to 1924, he was promoted to several high positions in some Korean provisional governments and served as a representative of these to Western powers. He moved to Washington, D.C., in 1939. In 1945, he was returned to US-controlled Korea by the US military, and on July 20, 1948 he was elected President of the Republic of Korea by the National Assembly. Rhee adopted a hardline anti-communist and pro-American stance as president. Early on in his presidency, his government put down a communist uprising on Jeju Island, and the Mungyeong and Bodo League massacres were committed against suspected communist sympathisers, leaving at least 100,000 people dead. Rhee was president during the outbreak of the Korean War (1950-1953), in which North Korea invaded South Korea. He refused to sign the armistice agreement that ended the war, wishing to have the peninsula reunited by force. After the fighting ended, the country remained at a low level economically, lagging behind North Korea, and was heavily reliant on U.S. aid. After being re-elected in 1956, the constitution was modified to remove the two-term restriction, despite protests from the opposition. He was elected uncontested in March 1960, after his opponent Chough Pyung-ok died before voting day. After Rhee's ally Lee Ki-poong won the corresponding vice-presidential election by a wide margin, the opposition rejected the result as rigged, which triggered protests. These escalated into the student-led April Revolution when police shot demonstrators in Masan, which forced Rhee to resign on 26 April and ultimately led to the establishment of the Second Republic of Korea. On April 28, as protesters converged on the presidential palace, the CIA covertly flew him out to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he spent the rest of his life in exile. https://store.earthstation1.com/korea-the-38th-parallel-korean-war-d38.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Vietnam: The Ten Thousand Day War TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1964: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars: The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict, The Resistance War Against America): -- At a rally in Saigon that attracts about 100,000 people, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam. He said that the "Communists are the aggressors, not us. If we were to go back to the north, it should be termed a counterattack." He symbolically took soil from two containers representative the divided nation, and mixed them together to promote his reunification plan, under anti-communist rule. He said, "We have often heard that the people have called for the war to be carried to the North. The government cannot remain indifferent before the firm determination of all the people who are considering the push northward as an appropriate means to fulfil out national history." He then led the demonstrators in shouting, "To the North" repeatedly. At the time, the U.S. had no ambassador in Saigon, as Lodge had returned home to campaign for the Republican Party's presidential nomination, and his successor, Maxwell Taylor, was yet to respond. When Taylor arrived, the US tried to publicly distance itself from this comment and downplay it, as it wanted to portray the communists as the only aggressors and that they had no intentions of going on the attack in any form, but they were sympathetic to his sentiment. Privately, they did not rule out a policy along Khanh's line. In part, the American reluctance to escalate was due to the impending elections and a desire to not scare the electorate. In a meeting with Ambassador Taylor, Khanh assured the American envoy that his was a political gesture that should be seen as a show. However, it spread to the government-moderated press, and some generals expressed similar sentiments. Khanh then told Taylor that he had to allow Southerners to express their aspirations to unify Vietnam on their own terms and that plans were being explored. He thus refused to publicly renege from his calls for an attack on North Vietnam. In August, the Vietnam War expanded with the Gulf Of Tonkin incident, a disputed and largely discredited encounter between North Vietnamese and American naval vessels in which Washington accused the communists of attacking their boats in international waters. Khanh publicly called on the Americans to strike back in order to project a strong image and avoid resembling a "paper tiger". U.S. President Lyndon Johnson was given more military powers as a result of the incident. After the second incident (which is believed to have been false), Johnson replied with air strikes, which Khanh praised. Seeing the tense situation as an opportunity to concentrate more power in his hands, Khanh declared a state of emergency on 7 August, empowering the police to ban protests, search properties under any circumstances and arbitrarily jail "elements considered as dangerous to national security". He imposed censorship to stop "the circulation of all publications, documents, and leaflets considered as harmful to public order". https://store.earthstation1.com/vietnam-the-10000-day-war-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-13-10000413.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic Baby Boomer Bloopers Video Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 2016: #DOTD: #RIP: Garry Marshall, American actor, film director, film producer and screenwriter (b. November 13, 1934) #dies at a hospital in Burbank, California due to complications of pneumonia after suffering a stroke, aged 81. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Henry Winkler paid tribute to him on Barry in 2019, and SAG-AFTRA made a Memoriam Tribute to Marshall on the SAG Awards in 2019. Julia Roberts paid tribute to him in Pretty Woman: The Musical in 2018. ABC aired the special The Happy Days of Garry Marshall on May 12, 2020. He was born Garry Kent Marshall in The Bronx, New York, the son of Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli (later Anthony Wallace Marshall; 1906-1999), a director and producer of industrial films, and Marjorie Irene (nee Ward; 1908-1983), the owner and teacher in a tap dance school. Marshall is best known for creating Happy Days and its various spin-offs (Laverne & Shirley (starring his sister Penny) and Mork & Mindy), developing Neil Simon's 1965 play The Odd Couple for television, and directing Pretty Woman, Beaches, Runaway Bride, Valentine's Day, New Year's Eve, Mother's Day, The Princess Diaries, and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-baby-boomer-bloopers-tv-amp-movie-blooper-outtakes-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Degas: Edgar Degas Documentary DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1834: #BOTD: #HBD! Edgar Degas, French impressionist painter, sculptor, draftsman and printer (d. September 27, 1917) is #born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas in Paris, France. Degas is especially identified with the subject of dance; more than half of his works depict dancers. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist. He was a superb draftsman, and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his rendition of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes. His portraits are notable for their psychological complexity and for their portrayal of human isolation. At the beginning of his career, Degas wanted to be a history painter, a calling for which he was well prepared by his rigorous academic training and close study of classic art. In his early thirties, he changed course, and by bringing the traditional methods of a history painter to bear on contemporary subject matter, he became a classical painter of modern life. He apparently ceased working in 1912, when the impending demolition of his longtime residence on the rue Victor Masse forced him to move to quarters on Boulevard de Clichy. He never married and spent the last years of his life, nearly blind, restlessly wandering the streets of Paris before dying of a brain aneurysm at the age of 83. He is buried at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris, France. https://store.earthstation1.com/degas-dvd-1988-tv-documentary-artist-edgar-d1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Betty Boop: Boop-Oop-A-Doop With Steve Allen DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1883: #BOTD: #HBD! Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator, director and producer (d. September 25, 1972) is #born Majer Fleischer to a Jewish family in Krakow, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Poland). He is best known as a co-owner of Fleischer Studios, an American animation studio founded in New York City with his younger brother Dave Fleischer. Fleischer Studios was an American corporation which originated as an animation studio located at 1600 Broadway, New York City, New York. It was founded in 1921 as Inkwell Studios by brothers Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer who ran the pioneering company from its inception until Paramount Pictures, the studio's parent company and the distributor of its films, acquired ownership. In its prime, Fleischer Studios was a premier producer of animated cartoons for theaters, with Walt Disney Productions's becoming its chief competitor in the 1930s. Fleischer Studios is notable for Koko the Clown, Betty Boop, Bimbo, Popeye the Sailor, and Superman. Unlike other studios, whose characters were anthropomorphic animals, the Fleischers' most successful characters were humans (With the exception of Bimbo in the 1930s.). The cartoons of the Fleischer Studio were very different from the Disney product, both in concept and in execution. As a result, the Fleischer cartoons were rough rather than refined, commercial rather than consciously artistic. But in their unique way, their artistry was expressed through a culmination of the arts and sciences. This approach focused on surrealism, dark humor, adult psychological elements, and sexuality, and the environments were grittier and urban, often set in squalid surroundings, reflecting the Depression as well as German Expressionism. Max Fleischer died from arterial sclerosis of the brain in Los Angeles, California, two months after his 89th birthday, and in announcing his passing the press dubbed him "Dean Of Animated Cartoons". His remains were cremated, and his ashes given to his widow Ethel "Essie" Goldstein. https://store.earthstation1.com/betty-boop-boopoopadoop-dvd-steve-allen-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Inside The Third Reich Rutger Hauer As Albert Speer DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 2019: #DOTD: #RIP: Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, writer, director, producer and environmentalist, named by the Dutch public as the Best Dutch Actor of the Century (b. January 23, 1944) #dies at his home in Beetsterzwaag, following an unspecified illness. The public is not informed until the day of his private funeral service five days later. His remains were cremated, and his ashes given to his widow Ineke ten Cate. He was born Rutger Oelsen Hauer in Breukelen (the namesake of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City), Utrecht, Netherlands. Rutger Hauer acted in both Dutch and English-language TV series and films. His career began in 1969 with the title role in the Dutch television series Floris. His film credits include Flesh andBlood, Blind Fury, Blade Runner, The Hitcher, Escape from Sobibor (for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor), Nighthawks, Wedlock, Sin City, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, Ladyhawke, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Osterman Weekend, The Blood of Heroes, Batman Begins, Hobo with a Shotgun, and The Rite. He also starred in the made-for-tv movie Inside The Third Reich, where he portrayed Albert Speer, the German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. https://store.earthstation1.com/inside-the-third-reich-dvd-rutger-hauer-albert-speer.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Woody Guthrie Documentary Biography DVD, Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 2002: #DOTD: #RIP: Alan Lomax, American guitarist, archivist, ethnomusicologist, historian, folklorist, filmmaker, scholar and activist, best known for his numerous field recordings of blues and folk music of the 20th century, the first to record towering figures like Leadbelly, Muddy Waters and Woody Guthrie (b. January 31, 1915) #dies of unspecified causes in Safety Harbor, Florida at the age of 87. His remains were cremated; the final disposition of his ashes are defined online only as having been given to family or a friend. Alan Lomax was born in Austin, Texas in 1915, the third of four children born to Bess Brown and pioneering folklorist and author John A. Lomax; two of his siblings also developed significant careers studying folklore: Bess Lomax Hawes and John Lomax Jr.. Lomax produced recordings, concerts, and radio shows in the US and in England, which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries, and helped start both the American and British folk revivals of the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. He collected material first with his father, folklorist and collector John A. Lomax, and later alone and with others, Lomax recorded thousands of songs and interviews for the Archive of American Folk Song, of which he was the director, at the Library of Congress on aluminum and acetate discs. The Library of Congress Recording Sessions refers to a March 1940 session of recordings Woody Guthrie made in Washington, D.C., for Alan Lomax. They were catalogued in the United States Library of Congress. They are notable as the first recordings made of Woody Guthrie. They contain several traditional songs and three of Guthrie's best known songs, "So Long It's Been Good To Know You", "Talking Dust Bowl Blues" and "Do-Re-Me". The session is also interesting for Guthrie's autobiographical memories of Oklahoma, riding the freight trains and observations on life and America's great depression in conversation with Lomax. These were not intended to be commercial recordings, but some tracks were later released on an Elektra Records three-LP set titled Woody Guthrie: Library of Congress Recordings in 1964. https://store.earthstation1.com/woody-guthrie-dvd-tv-documentary.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
Today, July 19, 2026
July 19, 1930: #BOTD: #HBD! Preston Epps, American rock & roll percussionist, especially known as a bongo player (d. May 9, 2019) is #born Preston Eugene Epps in Mangum, Oklahoma. He learned to play percussion instruments, including the bongos, while he was stationed in Okinawa during the Korean War. After his tour of duty he settled in Southern California, playing in coffee shops and working odd jobs. Arthur Laboe, a local disc jockey, signed him to Original Sound Records, which released his single "Bongo Rock" in 1959. The tune became a hit in the U.S., reaching #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 that year. The follow-up, "Bongo Bongo Bongo", reached #78 the following year. Original Sound released a full-length LP in 1960, which reached #35 on the Billboard 200. However, further bongo-themed singles, including "Bongo in the Congo", "Bongo Rocket", "Bootlace Bongo", "Bongo Boogie", "Flamenco Bongo", "Mr. Bongo", and "Bongo Shuffle", did not result in any further success. Epps reappeared in 1969 as a bongo player in the film Girl In Gold Boots. He continued on as a session musician in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973, the Incredible Bongo Band recorded "Bongo Rock" and released it as a single. Epps continued playing in clubs in Southern California into the 1990s. Preston Epps died of natural causes in Los Angeles on May 9, 2019 at age 88. He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Norfolk, Virginia. https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html